Empowering Architectural Narrative Through Urban Sketching: A Symbolic Interaction Framework for Enhancing Public Belonging in the Built Environment of Kuala Lumpur

Abstract

Urban environments in Malaysia, particularly Kuala Lumpur, are witnessing a growing detachment between citizens and architectural identity. Urban sketching presents a bottom-up method of engagement that may restore public connection with the built environment. This study aims to develop a symbolic interaction framework that integrates urban sketching, architectural narrative, and critical thinking to enhance a sense of belonging in urban spaces. Drawing from sociology, psychology, and anthropology, a qualitative case study was conducted using a phenomenographic lens. Data were collected from 12 participants in KL Sketch Nation’s sketchwalks, through semi-structured interviews, sketch documentation, and field observation. Thematic coding was applied to generate outcome spaces representing symbolic, personal, and interactive dimensions of sketching experiences. Findings reveal that urban sketching facilitates three experiential dimensions: (1) symbolic encounters with architectural elements, (2) personal disposition through critical thinking, and (3) participatory interactive pattern fostering community connection. These informed a five-phase action framework for architectural narrative communication. Urban sketching operates as both a symbolic and cognitive tool that empowers individuals to construct meaning and foster urban belonging. The developed framework contributes to participatory urbanism and aligns with the SDG 11 goals for inclusive and resilient cities.