Correlation Between Quality of Housing and Resident Satisfaction: A Study of High-Rise Low-Cost Housing in Penang

Abstract

As urbanization accelerates and housing demands rise, understanding the relationship between housing quality and resident satisfaction is essential to improving living conditions for low-income communities. In Penang’s high-rise, low-cost housing, growing dissatisfaction among residents is often attributed to poor design quality, leading to overcrowded living spaces, inadequate facilities, and a diminished quality of life. While previous studies have focused on affordability and basic living conditions, this research emphasizes the critical role of housing design quality in shaping resident satisfaction and well-being. This study investigates the correlation between housing quality (HQ) and housing satisfaction (HS) in high-rise, low-cost housing developments in Penang. The research examines six key elements of housing design: interior space, space utilization, unit facilities, safety and security, design elements, and building components. A structured questionnaire was distributed to 345 households across three high-density, low-cost housing schemes, each consisting of over 200 units. The findings reveal a significant positive correlation between housing quality factors and resident satisfaction. Specifically, elements such as interior spaces, safety measures, and well-planned design were identified as key contributors to improved resident satisfaction. These results underscore the need for policymakers and developers to prioritize quality design and tailored interventions in addressing the challenges faced by low-cost housing communities in urban areas.