KE ARAH KEHIDUPAN YANG LESTARI : KESAN CUKAI EKSAIS MINUMAN BERGULA TERHADAP PENGGUNA TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE LIVING: THE IMPACT OF SUGARY DRINK EXCISE TAX ON CONSUMERS

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Sufiah Bee Bee SM Raja Mohideen
Norain Mod Asri

Abstract

The negative impact of sugary drinks on health prompted the government to implement excise taxes on sugary drinks as an intervention measure. Therefore, the objective of this study is to identify the impact of the implementation of excise taxes on consumer purchases and spending on sugary drinks. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is used to analyse the opinions of 388 respondents consisting of youth aged 15 to 40 years in the Klang Valley area. This EFA method summarizes the data so that the relationships and patterns of the study can be interpreted and easily understood. The results of the study found that excise taxes on sugary drinks affect consumer purchases and consumption through three main factors. Those are the impact on price, taxes as a government intervention strategy, and cost-effectiveness. The increase in the price of sugary drinks due to taxes caused consumers to switch to non-sugary drinks. In addition, the cancellation of sugar subsidies and the implementation of excise taxes were identified as effective and cost-effective strategies in changing consumer behavior. Excise taxes on sugary drinks not only have an effective direct impact on consumer behavior but it also has the potential to remain effective in the long term.


Keywords: Sugar tax, sugary drinks, factor analysis, cost-effectiveness, public health


 


ABSTRAK


Impak negatif minuman bergula terhadap kesihatan mendorong kerajaan melaksanakan cukai eksais ke atas minuman bergula sebagai langkah intervensi. Oleh itu, objektif kajian ini dijalankan adalah bagi mengenal pasti kesan pelaksanaan cukai eksais terhadap pembelian dan perbelanjaan pengguna ke atas minuman bergula. Analisis penjelajahan faktor (Exploratory Factor Analysis/EFA) diaplikasi terhadap 388 responden yang terdiri daripada belia berusia 15 hingga 40 tahun di kawasan Lembah Klang. Kaedah EFA ini dapat merumuskan data agar hubungan dan corak kajian boleh ditafsir dan difahami dengan mudah. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa cukai eksais ke atas minuman bergula mempengaruhi pembelian dan penggunaan pengguna melalui tiga faktor utama iaitu kesan terhadap harga, cukai sebagai strategi campur tangan kerajaan, dan kaedah kos efektif. Kenaikan harga minuman bergula akibat cukai menyebabkan pengguna beralih kepada minuman tidak bergula. Selain itu, pembatalan subsidi gula dan pelaksanaan cukai eksais dikenal pasti sebagai strategi berkesan dan kos efektif dalam mengubah tingkah laku pengguna. Oleh itu, cukai eksais ke atas minuman bergula dilihat mampu memberikan impak langsung terhadap tingkah laku pengguna secara efektif serta berpotensi kekal berkesan dalam jangka masa panjang.


Kata kunci: Cukai gula, minuman bergula, analisis faktor, kos efektif, kesihatan awam

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