Penciptaan Jiwa dari Sudut Ilmu Tafsir dan Falsafah Islam: Tumpuan Terhadap Pemikiran Fakhr al-Din al-Razi The Creation of the Soul from the Point of View of Islamic Exegesis and Philosophy: Focus on Fakhr al-Din al-Razi’s Thought
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The soul, also known as al-nafs, is considered the second element in human beings, following the body. It plays a vital role as the overseer and administrator of every human decision and action, requiring a comprehensive understanding of its nature, potential, and ultimate happiness. In the realm of Islamic knowledge, the Qur’an serves as the primary source of reference, encompassing the discourse on al-nafs or the soul. However, this particular issue finds greater prominence within the debates of Islamic philosophers, specifically pertaining to the field of ontology. With this in mind, this article aims to examine one specific aspect of the discussion surrounding al-nafs, namely its creation, through an exploration of relevant verses from the Qur’an and insights drawn from Islamic philosophical sources. The method employed in this study involves analyzing the works of Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, including al-Tafsir al-Kabir, al-Mabahith al-Mashriqiyyah, al-Matalib al-‘Aliyah, and other significant texts representing the disciplines of exegesis and Islamic philosophy. A comprehensive understanding can be attained by examining the continuity of al-Razi’s ideas across these disciplines and comparing them with the perspectives of Abu ‘Ali al-Husayn Ibn ‘Abd Allah Ibn Sina and Abu Hamid Muhammad al-Ghazali. The findings of this article suggest that the soul, al-nafs, is a distinct entity that was created simultaneously with the body. While al-Razi’s opinion appears to align broadly with that of Ibn Sina and al-Ghazali, some shortcomings are identified within Ibn Sina’s viewpoint.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
References
‘Abd al-Mu‘ti, Muhammad Fakhr al-Din, “Nazariyyah al-Nafs ‘inda Ibn Sina wa al-Farabi”. Disertasi Sarjana, Kaherah: Universiti ‘Ain Sham, 1987.
Al-Dhahiri, Abu Muhammad ‘Ali bin Ahmad al-Ma‘ruf bi ibn Hazm. Al-Fasl fi al-Milal wa al-Ahwa’ wa al-Nihal 4. Tahqiq, ‘Abd al-Rahman ‘Umayrah & Muhammad Ibrahim Nasr. Beirut: Dar al-Jil, 1996.
Al-Razi, Fakhr al-Din. Al-Mabahith al-Mashriqiyyah fi ‘Ilm al-Ilahiyyat wa al-Tabi‘iyyat 2. Haiderabad: Matba‘ah Majlis Da’irah al-Ma‘arif al-Nazamiyyah, 1343H.
Al-Razi, Fakhr al-Din. Al-Matalib al-‘Aliyah min al-‘Ilm al-Ilahi 7. Tahqiq Muhammad ‘Abd al-Salam Shahin. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 1999.
Al-Razi, Fakhr al-Din. Kitab al-Nafs wa al-Ruh wa Sharh Quwahuma. Tahqiq, Muhammad Saghir Hasan al-Ma‘sumi. Pakistan: Matbu‘ah Ma‘had al-Abhath al-Islamiyyah, 1968.
Al-Razi, Fakhr al-Din. Tafsir al-Fakhr al-Razi al-Mushtahar bi al-Tafsir al-Kabir wa Mafatih al-Ghayb. Jil. 5, 8 & 9. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, 2005.
Che Zarrina Sa’ari & Mohd Manawi Mohd Akib. “Beberapa Persoalan Berkaitan Konsep Insan Menurut Fakhr al-Din al-Razi.” Afkar: Jurnal Akidah & Pemikiran Islam 19 (Special Issue) (2017): 87-114.
Imam, ‘Abd al-Fatah Imam. Madkhal ila al-Falsafah. Kaherah: Dar al-Thaqafah li al-Nashr wa al-Tawzi‘, 1972.
Mohd Manawi Mohd Akib, Che Zarrina Sa’ari & Sharifah Basirah Syed Muhsin. “Psikologi Islam: Penciptaan Al-Nafs dan Kekekalannya menurut Ibn Sina dan al-Ghazali.” Al-Basirah 11(1) Jun (2021): 19-31.
Mohd Manawi Mohd Akib, Sharifah Basirah Syed Muhsin. “Perbahasan Potensi Jiwa menurut Ibn Sina dan al-Ghazali.” Afkar: Jurnal Akidah & Pemikiran Islam 21(1) (2019): 85-110.
Mohd Manawi Mohd Akib, Sharifah Basirah Syed Muhsin, Ahmad A’toa’ Mokhtar, “Hakikat Jiwa menurut Psikologis Muslim: Tumpuan terhadap Ibn Sina dan al-Ghazali”, e-prosiding 4th International Conference on Islamiyyat Studies, 2018: 514-527.
Muhammad Husayni, Abu Sa‘dah. Al-Nafs wa Khuluduha ‘inda Fakhr al-Din al-Razi. Kaherah: Sharkah al-Safa li al-Taba‘ah wa al-Tarjamah wa al-Nashr, 1989.
Najati, Muhammad ‘Uthman. Al-Dirasat al-Nafsaniyyah ‘ind al-‘Ulama’ al-Muslimin. Kaherah: Dar al-Shuruq, 1993.
Rabi‘, Muhammad Shahatah. Al-Turath al-Nafsi ‘inda ‘Ulama’ al-Muslimin. Iskandariah: Dar al-Ma‘rifah al-Jami‘iyyah, 2006.
Rabih Lutfi Juma‘ah. “Al-Nahiyyah al-Ruhiyyah fi al-Qur’an al-Karim”, ‘Alam al-Ruh Majallah al-‘Ilm al-Ruhi al-Hadith. t.t.p: t.p, 1948.
Rafy Sapuri. Psikologi Islam Tuntutan Jiwa Manusia Moden. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers, 2009.
Sharifah Basirah Syed Mohsin, Che Zarrina Sa’ari, Hasimah Chik & Sheriza Izwa Zainuddin, “Peranan Muḥāsabah Al-Nafs (Self-Evaluation) dalam Menangani Keresahan Spiritual.” Jurnal Usuluddin 50(1) (2022): 43–68.